Let's Learn English (Punctuations)

Hello,Visitor. Do you know about The Punctuations ? What are they?
Ok, I tell you about The Punctuations



The Punctuations are:

A.) End Marks : ( . ), ( ? ), ( ! )
B.) Commas ( , )

C.) Semicolons ( ; )
D.) Colons ( : )
E.) Italic or Underline ( word or word )
F.) Quotation marks ( “…” )
G.) Apostrophes ( ‘ )
H.) Hyphens ( - )
I.) Dash ( -- )
J.) Omission marks (…)



A. End Marks : (.), (?), (!)

The term end marks refers to punctuation which appears at the end of sentences. They are periods (.), question marks (?), and exclamation (!).


1. A statement is followed by a period.

Example:

Pizza is my favorite food.

2. A question is followed by a question mark.

Example:

What time is it ?

3. An exclamation is followed by an exclamation point.

Example:

How clever you are !

4. An abbreviation is followed by a period.

Example:

Calif.          Oct.
Oct.           P.m.

B. Commas ( , )

1. Use a comma to separate single word in a series

Example:

December, January, and February are summer months in the Southern Hemisphere.

2. Use a comma to separate verbs in a series

Example:

The delegates nominated one candidate, voted, and installed her in an office.

3. Use a comma to separate phrases in a series

Example:

There were spots at the top, at the sides, and on the bottom.

4. Use a comma to separate two or more adjectives preceding a noun

Example:

· Jupiter is a large, strange planet.

· David Beckham played a powerful, brilliant game.

5. Use a comma before and, but, or, nor, for, and yet when they join parts of a compound sentences

Example:

· Betty offered to get the tickets, and I accepted gratefully.

· They had been working very hard, but they didn’t seem especially tired.

6. Use a comma to set of expression that interrupt the sentence.

Example:

Our neighbor, Gita Gutawa, is a good singer.

C. Semicolons ( ; )

1. Use a semicolon between the parts of a compound sentence if they are not joined by and, but, or, nor, for, and yet

Example:

After school I went to the play station; then I studied in my room for an hour.

2. A semicolon may be needed to separate the parts of a compound sentence if they are commas within the parts

Example:

I wrote to Ann, Beth, and Meg; and Jean notified Terry and Sue.

D. Colons ( : )

A colon is a punctuation mark that usually signals that something is to follow. The colon is never used directly after a verb or a preposition.

1. Use a colon before list of items, especially after expression like as follows and the following

Example:

A search showed that Jack’s pocket contain the following: a knife, half an apple, a piece of gum, and a bottle of mineral water.

2. Use a colon between the hour and the minute when you write the time

Example:

8:30 a.m. 10:30 p.m.

3. Use a colon after a salutation of a business letter

Example:

Dear Sir: Dear Mrs. :


E. Italic or Underline ( word or word )

1. Use Italic or underline for titles of books, periodicals, works of art, ships, and so on.

Example:

Harry Potter is my favorite novel.

One of most famous movies ever made is Ketika Cinta Bertasbih.

F. Quotation marks ( “…” )

When a person’s exact words are used in writing, it is customary too use quotation marks to show where the question begins and end.

1. Use quotation marks to enclose a direct quotation

Example:

“When the bell rings,“ said the teacher, “leave the class quietly.“

2. A direct quotation begins with a capital letter

Example:

Maria said, “The frame isn’t strong enough.“

3. When a quoted sentence is divided into two parts by an interrupting expression ( he said, mother said, and replied the principal ), the second part begins with a small letter.

Example:

“The time has come, “ insisted the speaker, “to improve our education program.“

4. A direct quotation is set off from the rest of the sentence by commas.

Example:

I asked, “What’s your name? “

5. A period or a comma following a quotation should be place inside the closing quotation marks

Example:

The man replied, “I’m ready.”

G. Apostrophes ( ‘ )

The Apostrophes is used:

(1) to show ownership or relationship,

(2) to show where letters have been omitted in a contraction, and

(3) to form the plurals or number s and letters.


1. The possessive case

The possessive case of a word shows ownership or relationship

a. To form the possessive case of a singular noun, add an apostrophe and an s.

Example:

· John’s desk.

· A boy’s cap.

· The baby’s toy.

· Student’s book.

b. To form the possessive case of a plural noun not ending in s, add an apostrophe and an s.

Example:

· Mice’s tracks.

· Children’s choir.

c. To form the possessive case of a plural noun ending in s, add only the apostrophe.

Example:

· Cats’ basket

· The Carsons’ bungalow

2. Contraction

A contraction is a word made by combining two words and omitting some letters. An apostrophes take the place of the letters that are left out.

Example:

· There is : there’s

· We are : we’re

· They have : they’ve

· Is not : isn’t

When n’t is added to shall, will, or can, the spelling of the verb changes.

Example:

· Shall not : shan’t

· Will not : won’t

· Can not : can’t

H. Hyphens ( - )

The hypens is used :

(1) to indicated that a word has been broken at the end of a line, and

(2) to show that two or more words are being used together as one.

If there is not room for a whole word at the end of the line, you may divide it with a hyphens.

Dividing words at the end of a line, however, should be avoided as much as possible.

1. Use a hyphen to divide a word at the end of a line

Example:

In my opinion, this salad needs cu-cumber.

2. Use a hyphen with compound numbers from twenty-one to ninety-nine and with fractions used as adjectives

Example:

There are twenty-nine days in February.

I. Dash ( -- )

The function of dash is to make a certain piece of information more stressful or more dramatic, as in :

· Don’t forget—once again do not forget—to post the letter today.

· We—the students of English Department—practice speaking intensively.

· The criminals robbed the bank—all the money was taken.

A dash is also used to introduce additional details in order to make a previous piece of information clearer or more vivid. In this case, dash is similar to that is, viz or namely.

· Indonesian lies between two oceans—the Pacific and the Indian Oceans.

· The kangaroo—the native animal of Australia—can jump extremely quickly.

· She plans to go to Singkep –a small island in Riau Province.

This mark may be used to show alternatives; it is often replaced by the word “or”.

Example:

· The lecturer wrote in his grammar book that the verb to depend can be followed by the preposition upon/on.

· To begin a formal letter, we may write Dear Sir/Madam if we do not know who the receiver is.

· The three dots might represent something irrelevant or necessity.

J. Omission Marks (…)

Example:

· “Language … a set of rules … for communication,“ the definition read.

· “The most important part of speech is verb … “ Hornsby said.

· “ … two kinds of complements, namely, the subject complement and the object complement.” They concluded.

Ok, Visitor . Thoose are All about English Punctuations. Thanks for visiting My Blog ^_^